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1.
Rev. cuba. inform. méd ; 15(2)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536285

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los avances actuales en el campo de las TICs han permitido un importante impulso en el desarrollo de sistemas que traducen texto plano en español en pictogramas. Sin embargo, las soluciones actuales no pueden ser comprendidas por una persona con dificultades del lenguaje en Cuba, debido a que algunas terminologías no están presentes en el lenguaje cotidiano. Objetivo: Desarrollar el modelo Pictobana para el análisis semántico de un Pictotraductor que integre la semántica del lenguaje cubano. Métodos: El modelo fue desarrollado aplicando técnicas de procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Se realiza un análisis lingüístico con el objetivo de proporcionar las mejores representaciones posibles de los textos en pictogramas. Resultados: El modelo es implementado en una aplicación web que proporciona una herramienta que ayuda a promover las competencias y habilidades de comunicación a personas con dificultades del habla en Cuba y a sus familiares. Conclusiones: Las pruebas realizadas mediante experimentos y criterio de expertos, demuestran que el analizador desarrollado, aumenta la ajustabilidad de los pictogramas al contexto y a la semántica, aminorando la incoherencia y la ambigüedad semántica del futuro sistema.


Introduction: Current advances in the field of ICTs have allowed an important boost in the development of systems that allow translating plain text in Spanish into pictograms. However, the current solutions cannot be understood by a person with language difficulties in Cuba because some terminologies are not present in everyday language. Objective: To develop the Pictobana model for the semantic analysis of a Pictotranslator that integrates the semantics of the Cuban language. Methods: The model was developed by applying natural language processing techniques. A linguistic analysis was carried out with the aim of providing the best possible representations of the texts in pictograms. Results: The model is implemented in a web application that provides a tool that helps promote communication skills and abilities for people with speech difficulties and their families in Cuba. Conclusions: The tests carried out through experiments and expert criteria show that the developed analyzer increases the adjustability of the pictograms to the context and the semantics, reducing the incoherence and semantic ambiguity of the future system.

2.
RECIIS (Online) ; 17(3): 633-649, jul.-set. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1517704

ABSTRACT

O uso da Tecnologia da Informação está presente nos mais diversos domínios, inclusive no da saúde, ao utilizar várias metodologias e ferramentas computacionais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o modelo conceitual baseado em ontologia sobre o domínio HIV/aids denominado OntoHI. No processo para desenvol-ver a OntoHI adotam-se a metodologia SABiO e a ontologia de fundamentação UFO, além do conhecimento de especialistas da área da saúde, o que garante a representação da realidade. Artefatos da ontologia aqui apresentados: representação gráfica, glossário de termos, questões de competência. O controle de qualidade se dá através dos processos de validação e verificação das questões de competências. A OntoHI possibilita a integração com representações de outros domínios. Pode ser utilizado como artefato para a construção de ferramentas computacionais, principalmente sistemas de informações e aplicativos móveis para acompanhar o tratamento de pacientes, além de poder ser expandida para se adaptar a novas situações


The use of Information Technology is present in the most diverse domains, including health care, using various methodologies and computational tools. The goal of this work is to present an ontology-driven con-ceptual model on the HIV/AIDS domain called OntoHI. In the process of developing OntoHI, the SABiO methodology and the UFO foundational ontology are adopted, in addition to the specialist's knowledge in the field of health care, which guarantees a consistent representation of reality. Ontology artifacts that are presented here: graphical representation, glossary of terms, validation of competence questions. Quality control happens in the process of validation and verification of competency questions. OntoHI enables in-tegration with representations from other domains. It can be used as an artifact for building computational tools, mainly information systems and mobile applications to monitor patient treatment, in addition to being able to be expanded to adapt to new situations


El uso de las Tecnologías de la Información ocurre en los más diversos dominios, incluido el de la salud, uti-lizando diversas metodologías y herramientas computacionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el modelo conceptual basado en ontologías sobre el dominio del VIH/sida denominado OntoHI. En el proceso de desarrollo de OntoHI se adoptan la metodología SABiO y la ontología de fundamentos OVNI, además del conocimiento de especialistas en el campo de la salud, lo que garantiza la representación de la realidad. Artefactos ontológicos presentados: representación gráfica, glosario, temas competenciales. El control de calidad se lleva a cabo a través del proceso de validación y verificación de problemas de competencia. Onto-HI permite la integración con representaciones de otros dominios. Puede usarse como artefacto para cons-truir herramientas computacionales, principalmente sistemas de información y aplicaciones móviles para monitorear el tratamiento del paciente, además de poder expandirse para adaptarse a nuevas situaciones


Subject(s)
Humans , Computer Simulation , HIV , Information Technology , Therapeutics , Biological Ontologies , Mobile Applications
3.
CoDAS ; 35(4): e20220067, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514001

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Propósito Elaborar y validar una tarea experimental de memoria episódica verbal en español. Método Se elaboraron seis bloques de codificación: tres profundos y tres superficiales, cado uno con distintas demandas de esfuerzo cognitivo. Los bloques fueron revisados por cuatro jueces expertos y examinados en una aplicación piloto. Se evaluó la concordancia respecto a si la tarea permitía manipular combinadamente el nivel de procesamiento y el esfuerzo cognitivo durante la codificación incidental de palabras, así como la claridad de las instrucciones, ejemplos y dinámica de trabajo. Resultados Variables como la disponibilidad léxica, metría y fuerza de asociación fueron útiles para diferenciar el esfuerzo cognitivo entre cada bloque. Los jueces concordaron que los bloques de procesamiento admiten una manipulación combinada del nivel de procesamiento y esfuerzo cognitivo y que las instrucciones son precisas. Luego del pilotaje, los participantes concordaron que las instrucciones, ejemplos y forma de trabajo eran fácil de comprender y realizar. Conclusión Los resultados proporcionan evidencia de validez relacionada con el contenido para la tarea experimental propuesta, transformándose con ello en una alternativa viable de considerar en investigaciones orientadas a identificar factores ambientales que contribuyan a compensar los defectos que muestra la memoria episódica con la edad.


ABSTRACT Purpose To develop and validate an experimental verbal episodic memory task in Spanish. Methods Six encoding blocks were elaborated, three deep and three superficial, each one with different demands of cognitive effort. The blocks were reviewed by four expert judges and tested in a pilot application. The agreement was assessed on whether the task allowed combined processing level and cognitive effort to be manipulated during incidental encoding of words, as well as clarity of instructions, examples, and workflow. Results Variables such as lexical availability, metrics, and strength of association were useful to differentiate the cognitive effort between each block. The judges agreed that the processing blocks allowed a combined manipulation of the level of processing and cognitive effort and that the instructions are precise. After the pilot, the participants agreed that the instructions, examples, and way of working were easy to understand and perform. Conclusion The results provide evidence of validity related to the content for the proposed experimental task, thus becoming a viable alternative to consider in research aimed at identifying environmental factors that contribute to compensating the defects shown by episodic memory with age.

4.
Rev. Headache Med. (Online) ; 14(4): 189-192, 30/12/2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1531316

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Headache is as old as the emergence of man on earth. A classification for headaches has been suggested for many centuries. After the invention of writing, numerous words were created to designate different types of headache. Objective: The objective of this review was to discuss the historical and etymological aspects of the terms "migrânea" and "enxaqueca". Methods: This study was an integrative review using articles with historical data on the etymology of the terms "migrânea" and "enxaqueca" and their evolution over the years. Results: The terms "migrânea" and "enxaqueca" have Greek and Arabic origins, respectively. Both describe a neurological syndrome characterized by headache and other associated symptoms. Usually, sufferers of this disease are more familiar with the term "enxaqueca" and confuse it with headache, while health professionals prefer the term "migrânea". Conclusions: After so many years that the term "migrânea" has been used, it would be a step backwards to use the term "enxaqueca" again, especially because "migrânea" has been adopted by young neurologists, including those from other specialties.


Introdução:A dor de cabeça é tão antiga quanto o surgimento do homem na terra. Uma classificação para dores de cabeça tem sido sugerida há muitos séculos. Após a invenção da escrita, inúmeras palavras foram criadas para designar diferentes tipos de dor de cabeça. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão foi discutir os aspectos históricos e etimológicos dos termos "migranânea" e "enxaqueca". Métodos: Este estudo foi uma revisão integrativa utilizando artigos com dados históricos sobre a etimologia dos termos "migranânea" e "enxaqueca" e sua evolução ao longo dos anos. Resultados: Os termos "migranânea" e "enxaqueca" têm origem grega e árabe, respectivamente. Ambos descrevem uma síndrome neurológica caracterizada por dor de cabeça e outros sintomas associados. Normalmente, quem sofre desta doença conhece mais o termo "enxaqueca" e confunde-o com dor de cabeça, enquanto os profissionais de saúde preferem o termo "migranânea". Conclusões: Depois de tantos anos de uso do termo "migranânea", seria um retrocesso usar novamente o termo "enxaqueca", até porque "migranânea" tem sido adotada por jovens neurologistas, inclusive de outras especialidades.

5.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 28: e2823, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527926

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo mapear as publicações que abordam a relação entre habilidade lexical e gagueira em crianças na faixa etária dos 2 anos aos 9 anos. Estratégia de pesquisa busca nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase. Critérios de seleção estudos clínicos comparativos, longitudinais ou caso-controle, que incluíam análise do vocabulário expressivo e receptivo de crianças com gagueira na faixa etária de 2 a 9 anos. Análise dos dados: após a busca inicial com 426 artigos, 42 foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra, dos quais, 16 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados a maior parte dos registros analisados referiu haver relação entre desenvolvimento ou desempenho lexical e gagueira em crianças. No entanto não houve consenso sobre a relação entre maior ou menor desenvolvimento lexical. Conclusão o mapeamento dos estudos incluídos indicou que não há evidências suficientes que relacionem gagueira e desenvolvimento lexical.


ABSTRACT Purpose to search and analyze publications that address the relationship between lexical ability and stuttering in children aged 2 to 9 years old. Research strategy search in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE databases. Selection criteria comparative, longitudinal or case-control clinical studies that included analysis of the expressive and receptive vocabulary of children with stuttering aged between 2 and 9 years. Results most of the analyzed studies report a relationship between lexical development or performance and stuttering in children, however there is no consense about the relationship between greater or lesser lexical development. Conclusion there is not enough evidence to relate stuttering and lexical development. More studies are needed in order to understand the relationship between lexical performance and stuttering in children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Speech Disorders , Stuttering , Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder , Language Tests
6.
Diversitas perspectiv. psicol ; 18(1): 183-194, ene.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421366

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los niños diagnosticados con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) experimentan múltiples dificultades durante el aprendizaje de la lectura, en especial con los componentes del lenguaje que permiten un buen desarrollo del proceso lector. En este sentido, el interés de este trabajo fue evaluar la sintaxis y la semántica como componentes del lenguaje fundamentales para la comprensión lectora. Se aplicó la batería PROLEC-R a 37 niños (entre 6 - 13 años) diagnosticados con TDAH y se analizaron los índices principales junto a los baremos para determinar en qué componente lingüístico se ubica la mayor complejidad. Los resultados sugieren que los niños tienen mayores dificultades en lo sintáctico, referido a estructurar oraciones y aplicar los signos de puntuación. Por lo tanto, si se refuerza el componente sintáctico los niños con TDAH, podrían mejorar en la comprensión lectora.


Abstract Children diagnosed with ADHD experience multiple difficulties in learning to read, especially with the language components that allow a good development of the reading process. In this sense, the interest of this work was to evaluate syntax and semantics as fundamental components of language for reading comprehension. The PROLEC-R battery was applied to 37 children between 6 and 13 years old diagnosed with ADHD, and the main indexes were analyzed together with the scales to determine in which linguistic component was the greater complexity located. The results suggest that children in the sample have greater difficulties in syntax, referring to sentence structure and punctuation. Therefore, if the syntactic component is reinforced, children with ADHD could probably improve their reading comprehension.

7.
CoDAS ; 33(5): e20200127, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286121

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o processamento correferencial, em idosos com e sem a Doença de Alzheimer, no Português Brasileiro. Método Participaram 12 idosos sem Alzheimer (ISA), e 06 idosos com a Doença de Alzheimer (IDA). O Mini-Exame do Estado Mental foi utilizado para triagem cognitiva dos participantes. Dois experimentos foram realizados utilizando a técnica de leitura automonitorada para analisar o processamento da correferência, cada um contendo oito frases experimentais e 24 frases distratoras, um deles utilizou pronomes e nomes repetidos, já o outro utilizou hipônimos e hiperônimos. Após a leitura, foram realizadas perguntas relacionadas ao conteúdo das frases. A principal variável de interesse foi o tempo de leitura aferido após a apresentação das retomadas anafóricas. Resultados No primeiro experimento, foram encontrados resultados estatisticamente significantes, no grupo ISA os pronomes foram processados mais rapidamente do que nomes repetidos, e no grupo IDA, os voluntários foram mais rápidos na retomada do nome repetido. No segundo experimento, os resultados demonstraram que o grupo ISA apresentou preferência, na retomada anafórica, pelos hiperônimos, já o grupo IDA não apresentou diferenças significativas entre as condições. Conclusão Os idosos sem patologia processaram mais rapidamente pronomes e hiperônimos, quando comparados a retomadas com nomes repetidos e hipônimos, respectivamente, pela menor quantidade de traços semânticos necessários para identificar os antecedentes naquelas condições, assim como pela proeminência sintática e discursiva. Nos idosos com DA, os nomes foram lidos mais prontamente que pronomes, e não houve diferença no processamento anafórico envolvendo hipônimos e hiperônimos, podendo decorrer do comprometimento na memória de trabalho.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare coreferential processing in elderly people with and without Alzheimer's disease in Brazilian Portuguese. Methods Twelve elderly people without Alzheimer's (EA) and six elderly people with Alzheimer's disease (EWA) participated in the study. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used for cognitive screening of participants. Two experiments were performed using the self-monitored reading technique to analyze coreference processing. Each contained eight experimental phrases and 24 distracting phrases, one of them using repeated pronouns and names and the other using hyponyms and hypernyms. After reading, questions were asked related to the content of the sentences. The main variable of interest was reading time, measured after the presentation of anaphoric resuming. Results In the first experiment, there were statistically significant results. The EA group processed the pronouns more quickly than repeated names. The volunteers of the EWA group were quicker in resuming repeated names. In the second experiment, the results show that the EA group showed preference for hypernyms in anaphoric resumption, whereas the EWA group did not present significant differences between conditions. Conclusion Elderly people without pathology processed pronouns and hypernyms more quickly compared to retrievals with repeated names and hyponyms, respectively, due to the smaller amount of semantic traits necessary to identify the antecedents in those conditions, as well as syntactic and discursive prominence. Elderly people with AD read names more readily than pronouns. There was no difference in anaphoric processing involving hyponyms and hypernyms, which may result from impaired working memory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Alzheimer Disease , Semantics , Brazil , Language , Memory Disorders
8.
Psicol. Educ. (Online) ; (51): 31-41, jul.-dez. 2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1287626

ABSTRACT

O uso da expressão 'socioemocional' tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente na literatura de Psicologia. Todavia, seu significado e demarcações operacionais para avaliação em pesquisas muitas vezes não convergem para uma compreensão homogênea. Considerando a relevância atual do tema para a pesquisa psicológica, o presente estudo buscou analisar o conceito a partir de seus contextos de aplicação e operacionalização. Foi conduzida uma busca de artigos publicados em periódicos de Psicologia entre 2005 e 2015 consultando as bases Web of Science, PsycInfo, Scielo e PePSIC. Para a busca foram utilizados os termos "socioemocional" e "psicologia" nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. A análise conceitual conectiva buscou verificar os contextos de enunciação, os termos conectivos, e o grau de explicitude operacional relativos aos usos da expressão socioemocional. A busca retornou 198 artigos que, após filtragem, considerando apenas estudos empíricos não repetidos, reteve 74 artigos para a análise conceitual. Os resultados evidenciaram uma prevalência de textos publicados nas áreas de educação e psicologia do desenvolvimento. Ao todo, 26 termos conectivos foram registrados na vinculação com a expressão socioemocional. Prevaleceram os estudos em que a expressão socioemocional não apresentou definição explícita em sua enunciação. Conclui-se que, embora o uso da expressão socioemocional seja crescente na literatura de Psicologia, sua circulação e operacionalização heterogêneas demonstram a estrutura probabilística do conceito, referindo uma base teórica pouco clara na explicitação dos construtos e uma forte ênfase nas técnicas de avaliação para a definição do uso da expressão socioemocional.


The use of the expression 'socioemotional' has become increasingly frequent in current psychological literature. However, it's meaning and operational demarcations in research evaluation often do not converge to a homogeneous understanding. Considering the current relevance of the topic in psychological research, the present study sought to analyze the concept usage from its application and operationalization contexts. A search for articles published in journals of Psychology between 2005 and 2015 was conducted by consulting Web of Science, PsycInfo, Scielo and PePSIC databases. The terms "socioemotional" and "psychology" were used in English and Portuguese languages. The conceptual analysis sought to verify the contexts of enunciation, the connective terms, and the degree of operational explanation of the uses of the expression 'socioemotional'. The search returned 198 articles which, after filtering, considering only the inclusion of non-repeated empirical studies, retained 74 articles for the conceptual analysis. The results showed a prevalence of publications in the areas of education and developmental psychology. Altogether, 26 connective terms were recorded in association with the expression 'socioemotional'. Studies in which the expression did not present an explicit definition in its enunciation prevailed. It was concluded that although the usage of the expression 'socioemotional' is increasing in psychological literature, its heterogeneous circulation and operationalization demonstrates a probabilistic structure of the concept, referring to an unclear theoretical basis in the explanation of the constructs and a strong emphasis on evaluation techniques to define the use of the expression 'socioemotional'.


El uso de la expresión "socioemocional" se ha vuelto frecuente en la investigación psicológica actual. Sin embargo, su significado y demarcación operacional en la investigación no convergen a una comprensión homogénea. Teniendo en cuenta la relevancia actual del tema, el presente estudio trató de analizar el uso del concepto socioemocional hasta sus contextos de aplicación y operacionalización. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos publicados en revistas de Psicología entre 2005 y 2015 consultando las bases de datos Web of Science, PsycInfo, Scielo y PePSIC. Los términos "socioemocional" y "psicología" se utilizaron en inglés y portugués. Un análisis conceptual conectivo buscó verificar los contextos de enunciación, los términos conectivos y el grado de explicación operacional de los usos de las expresiones socioemocionales. La búsqueda devolvió 198 artículos, los cuales, considerando solo la inclusión de estudios empíricos no repetidos, conservaron 74 artículos para el análisis conceptual. Los resultados mostraron una concentración de publicaciones en las áreas de educación y psicología del desarrollo. En total, 26 términos conectivos se registraron en asociación con la expresión socioemocional. Hubo una alta prevalencia de estudios en que las expresiones socioemocionales no fueron explícitamente destacadas en su enunciación. Los resultados evidenciaron que, aunque el uso de la expresión socioemocional está aumentando en la literatura psicológica, su circulación heterogénea y operacionalización demuestra una estructura probabilística de uso conceptual. Esta conclusión destaca una base teórica poco clara de enunciado de constructo y un fuerte énfasis en las técnicas de evaluación para la definición de uso de la expresión socioemocional.


Subject(s)
Education , Psychology, Developmental , Research , Evaluation Studies as Topic
9.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 68(2): 261-268, Apr.-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125635

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. La comprensión del lenguaje está determinada por diversos procesos, entre los que se encuentra el reconocimiento léxico. Según el modelo conexionista, este reconocimiento se genera por activación mediante el emparejamiento de la información acumulada y por la inhibición de las entradas léxicas que compiten por activación. Objetivo. Determinar las diferencias temporales y espaciales de procesamiento entre las incongruencias léxicas semánticamente relacionadas a un contexto lingüístico oracional y las no relacionadas a través de mediciones electrofisiológicas de potenciales relacionados a eventos (PRE). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó la medición de los PRE en 10 sujetos sanos por medio de un paradigma de 240 oraciones en español agrupadas de la siguiente manera: 80 oraciones congruentes, 80 con incongruencias dentro del campo léxico y 80 con incongruencias fuera del campo léxico. Resultados. Se observó una diferencia estadística en la latencia de aparición del componente N400 entre las dos condiciones. Por su parte, se encontró una mayor activación del precúneo, del giro orbitofrontal, del giro angular y del giro supramarginal en la condición de incongruencia fuera del campo léxico. Conclusión. Se identificaron diferencias temporales y espaciales (activación del precúneo, del giro orbitofrontal, del giro angular y del giro supramarginal) entre el procesamiento de las incongruencias léxicas y no léxicas.


Abstract Introduction: Language understanding depends on several processes, including lexical recognition. According to the connectionist model, this recognition is generated by activation through the matching of accumulated information and by the inhibition of lexical entries that compete for activation. Objective: To determine, through electrophysiological measurements of event-related potentials (ERP), temporal and spatial processing differences between lexical inconsistencies semantically related to a sentence linguistic context and those that are unrelated. Materials and methods: ERPs were measured in 10 healthy subjects by means of a 240 Spanish sentences paradigm grouped as follows: 80 congruent sentences, 80 sentences with lexical incongruities, and 80 with non-lexical incongruities. Results: A statistical difference was found in the latency of appearance of the N400 component between both conditions. On the other hand, a greater activation of the precuneus, the orbitofrontal gyrus, the angular gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus was observed in the non-lexical incongruity condition. Conclusion: There are temporal and spatial (activation of the precuneus, the orbitofrontal gyrus, the angular gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus) differences between the processing of lexical inconsistencies and the processing of non-lexical inconsistencies.

10.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 86(2): 185-190, March-Apr. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132564

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Tinnitus is a central auditory disorder in which different processing systems are involved as a network. One of these networks is memory. Previous studies have demonstrated some deficits in various types of memory in chronic tinnitus. Objectives: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the semantic memory, which is not yet investigated in the tinnitus population. Methods: In this case-control study, 15 subjects with chronic tinnitus and 16 matched healthy controls were included. 40 semantically related and 40 semantically unrelated word pairs were presented to the participants in a counter-balanced fashion. They were asked to make decision about their semantic relatedness. Then the participants' reaction times and the accuracy of responses were calculated. Results: Mean of reaction times were significantly longer in the tinnitus group (M = 1034 ms, SD = 0.31) compared to the control group (Mean = 1016 ms, SD = 0.13), p < 0.05. However, no significant difference was found for the mean percentage of correct responses between the two groups. Conclusion: The current study provided behavioral evidence that chronic tinnitus can affect the semantic memory. Such behavioral outcomes may provide new insights into more research activities in the field of electrophysiology and neuroimaging in the tinnitus population.


Resumo Introdução: O zumbido é um distúrbio auditivo central, no qual diferentes sistemas de processamento estão envolvidos como em uma rede. Uma dessas redes é a memória. Estudos anteriores demonstraram alguns déficits em vários tipos de memória no zumbido crônico. Objetivos: Investigar a memória semântica, que ainda não foi investigada na população com zumbido. Método: Neste estudo de caso-controle, 15 indivíduos com zumbido crônico e 16 controles saudáveis pareados foram incluídos; 40 pares de palavras semanticamente relacionados e 40 semanticamente não relacionados foram apresentados aos participantes de forma contrabalançada. Eles foram instruídos a tomar decisões sobre sua relação semântica. Em seguida, os tempos de reação dos participantes e a precisão das respostas foram calculados. Resultados: A média dos tempos de reação foi significativamente maior no grupo com zumbido (M = 1,034 ms, DP = 0,31) em comparação ao grupo controle (média = 1,016 ms, DP = 0,13), p< 0,05. Entretanto, nenhuma diferença significante foi encontrada para a porcentagem média de respostas corretas entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: O presente estudo forneceu evidências comportamentais de que o zumbido crônico pode afetar a memória semântica. Tais resultados comportamentais podem levar a novas percepções em mais atividades de pesquisa no campo da eletrofisiologia e neuroimagem na população com zumbido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Semantics , Tinnitus/complications , Memory Disorders/etiology , Reaction Time , Tinnitus/physiopathology , Word Association Tests , Case-Control Studies , Chronic Disease , Memory Disorders/diagnosis , Memory Disorders/physiopathology
11.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408482

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN En febrero 11 de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud designó con el acrónimo COVID-19 a la enfermedad causada por SARS CoV-2. En Cuba, fruto de una temprana y acertada adecuación de su Sistemas Sanitario y el de Ciencias e Innovación a las circunstancias de una epidemia en ciernes, se ha logrado un satisfactorio control de la virosis. En la mayoría de los países, Cuba incluida, la mayor parte de las personas infectadas por SARS CoV-2 son asintomáticas. Con excesiva frecuencia, en los medios de comunicación y en la literatura médica especializada se hace un uso impreciso, cuando no erróneo, de las construcciones infectados por SARS-CoV-2 y enfermos de COVID-19. Visto en perspectiva, resulta necesario alertar sobre el uso indistinto y equívoco de esas construcciones entre los diversos públicos, especializados o no. Más allá de la confusión semántica, su reproducción pudiera traducirse en inadecuadas percepciones de riesgo y malas prácticas y, en consecuencia, tener implicaciones directas e indirectas en los resultados del enfrentamiento a la pandemia.


ABSTRACT On 11 February 2020 the World Health Organization chose the acronym COVID-19 to designate the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. In Cuba, due to the early and appropriate adjustment of the Health and Science and Innovation Systems to the circumstances of a just-started epidemic, satisfactory control has been achieved of this virus infection. In most countries, including Cuba, most of the persons infected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic. With an excessive frequency inaccurate when not erroneous use is made in the mass media and the specialized medical literature of the phrases infected by SARS-CoV-2 and ill with COVID-19. Put into perspective, it is necessary to alert on the vague and equivocal use of these phrases by specialists and laypeople alike. Aside from the semantic confusion it may bring about, repetition of these phrases may cause inadequate risk perception and malpractice, and thus directly or indirectly affect the results of the response to the pandemic.

12.
Nat. Hum. (Online) ; 21(2): 31-52, jul.-dez. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1430944

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo, pretendo explicitar o papel da lógica formal no projeto crítico kantiano. No tratamento dessa questão, abordarei a relação entre a lógica formal, frequentemente chamada por Kant de lógica geral, e a lógica transcendental. Assumirei a tese de que a lógica formal e a lógica transcendental são duas ciências racionais puras, distintas, independentes, porém, com conexões entre si, a despeito das leituras que sugerem que a lógica transcendental substitua a lógica formal ou que a lógica formal mantenha a sua existência, devendo, no entanto, ser subordinada à lógica transcendental. Na caracterização da lógica formal, utilizarei, sobretudo, a Jäsche-Logik. Quanto à lógica transcendental, exposta na Kritik der reinen Vernunft, irei me servir da leitura semântica de Loparic para tratar do conhecimento metafísico da natureza. Inicio o artigo apontando a proximidade de Kant com a lógica formal e o seu emprego na elaboração do projeto crítico.


In this article, it is intended to explain the role of formal logic in the Kantian critical project. In addressing this issue, it will be considered the relationship between formal logic, often called by Kant as general logic, and transcendental logic. It will be assumed that formal logic and transcendental logic are two pure, distinct, independent but interconnected rational sciences, despite readings that suggest that transcendental logic replaces formal logic or that formal logic maintains its own existence, but must be subordinated to transcendental logic. In the formal logic characterization, it will be mainly used the Jäsche-Logik. As for transcendental logic, presented in Kritik der reinen Vernunft, it will be used Loparic's semantic reading to deal with the metaphysical knowledge of nature. The article begins by pointing out the proximity of Kant to formal logic and its use in the elaboration of the critical project.

13.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 41(6): 535-539, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055344

ABSTRACT

Objective: Aging studies regularly assume that years of education are a protective factor for baseline cognition. In developing countries with specific sociocultural issues, this relationship may not work as expected, and an unmet need remains for alternative resilience factors. This study aimed to analyze different moderators for the relationship between aging and general cognition that could reflect better protective factors. Methods: One hundred and fourteen Brazilian older adults, deemed healthy by global cognition, absence of psychiatric symptoms, or neurological history, participated in this cross-sectional study. Moderators for the relationship between age and global cognition included education, intelligence, and occupational factors. Semantic memory was added as a protective factor reflecting culturally acquired conceptual knowledge. Results: As expected, age alone is a predictor of global cognitive scores; surprisingly, however, education, intelligence, and occupation were not moderators of the association. Semantic memory was a significant moderator (p = 0.007), indicating that knowledge acquired during life may be a protective factor. Conclusion: In developing countries, the use of resilience factors based only on years of education may be misleading. Sociocultural issues influence the educational system and achievement and, consequently, affect the use of this simple measure. Resilience-factor studies should consider using crystallized abilities when studying populations with sociocultural particularities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Educational Status , Memory, Long-Term/physiology , Cognitive Aging/physiology , Intelligence/physiology , Reference Values , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age Factors , Dementia/physiopathology , Dementia/prevention & control , Resilience, Psychological , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Middle Aged , Occupations
14.
Psico USF ; 24(4): 685-697, out.-dez. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | INDEXPSI, LILACS | ID: biblio-1056971

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo explorou a relação da medida de vocabulário da Escala WISC-III com as habilidades de precisão de leitura de palavras e de compreensão de texto, com 174 crianças, matriculadas no 3º e 4º anos do ensino fundamental. Identificou-se evidência de predição do vocabulário na compreensão de texto, mesmo depois do controle da precisão de leitura de palavras, da consciência fonológica e morfológica, e da memória de curto prazo. O mesmo não foi encontrado para a leitura de palavras. Os resultados indicam que o vocabulário medido pelo teste do WISC-III se relaciona com as habilidades de leitura, mas tem papel preditivo apenas na compreensão de texto. Esses achados são discutidos à luz da teoria do Modelo Simples de Leitura e da Hipótese Qualidade Lexical. (AU)


The present study explored the relationship of the WISC-III Vocabulary measure with the skills of word reading and reading comprehension in 174 children enrolled in the 3rd and 4th grades of Elementary School. Evidence of prediction of vocabulary in reading comprehension was identified, even after controlling for word reading, phonological awareness, short-term memory, and morphological awareness. The same was not found for the skill of word reading. The results indicate that the WISC-III vocabulary relates to reading skills, but has a predictive role only in text comprehension. These findings are discussed in light of the Simple Reading Model theory and the Lexical Quality Hypothesis. (AU)


En el presente estudio fue analizada la relación de la medida de vocabulario de la Escala WISC-III con las habilidades de comprensión de lectura y de texto, participando 174 niños, matriculados en 3º y 4º año de Enseñanza Primaria. Se encontraron evidencias de predicción de vocabulario en la comprensión de texto, inclusive después de controlar otras variables como precisión lectora de palabras, conciencia fonológica, memoria de corto plazo y conciencia morfológica. La misma evidencia no fue encontrada en la lectura de palabras. Los resultados indican que el vocabulario medido por el WISC-III se relaciona con las habilidades de lectura, pero tiene un papel predictivo sólo en la comprensión de texto. Estos hallazgos son discutidos a la luz de la teoría del Modelo de Lectura Simple y la Hipótesis Calidad Léxica. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Reading , Students/psychology , Vocabulary , Wechsler Scales , Education, Primary and Secondary , Comprehension , Memory, Short-Term
15.
Rev. bras. ciênc. mov ; 27(2): 73-82, abr.-jun.2019. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1009124

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a tradução do Cuestionario de Conocimiento Procedimental en Voleibol para a língua portuguesa corrente no Brasil. Para tradução do questionário, foi empregada a técnica de tradução e retro tradução por dois tradutores distintos. As etapas seguintes de equivalência semântica, conceitual e idiomática foram realizadas por um total de seis especialistas no voleibol, dentre eles quatro brasileiros, um venezuelano (instrutor da FIVB) e um uruguaio (presidente da Associação Uruguaia de Voleibol). Posteriormente para se verificar o grau de compreensão da população alvo e consistência interna do questionário, o mesmo foi aplicado a 31 atletas de voleibol com idade de 12 a 15 anos, de ambos os sexos, de um clube local que participa de competições regionais e/ou nacionais. Utilizou-se o SPSS versão 24.0 para realizar as medidas descritivas e estimar o coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para verificar a consistência interna do instrumento. Como resultado do estudo, foi realizada a efetuação da tradução do instrumento para língua portuguesa, a qual não foi realizada grandes modificações com relação ao questionário, apenas a adição de alguns termos ou palavras para melhorar o entendimento do mesmo e, sobre a avaliação da consistência interna do instrumento, foi obtido o valor de alfa de Cronbach de 0.72, tornando-o aceitável segundo a literatura especializada. Conclui-se que o instrumento foi traduzido e possui valor de consistência interna aceitável, porém, faz-se necessário que outros estudos sejam conduzidos para realizar a validação por completo do presente instrumento....(AU)


The present study aimed to translate the Questionnaire of Procedural Knowledge in Volleyball for the Portuguese language current in Brazil. For translation of the questionnaire, the technique of translation and back translation was used by two different translators. The following stages of semantic, conceptual and idiomatic equivalence were performed by a total of six volleyball specialists, including four Brazilians, one Venezuelan (FIVB instructor) and one Uruguayan (president of the Uruguayan Volleyball Association). Subsequently, to verify the degree of comprehension of the target population and the internal consistency of the questionnaire, the same was applied to 31 volleyball players aged 12 to 15 years, of both sexes, of a local club that participates in regional competitions and / or national. SPSS version 24.0 was used to perform the descriptive measures and to estimate the Cronbach's alpha coefficient to verify the internal consistency of the instrument. As a result of the study, the translation of the Portuguese language instrument was carried out, which did not make any major changes in relation to the questionnaire, only the addition of some terms or words to improve the understanding of the instrument, and on the evaluation of internal consistency of the instrument, the Cronbach's alpha value of 0.72 was obtained, making it acceptable according to the specialized literature. It is concluded that the instrument has been translated and has an acceptable internal consistency value, however, it is necessary that other studies be conducted to carry out the complete validation of this instrument....(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Semantics , Translating , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Volleyball , Physical Education and Training
16.
Invest. educ. enferm ; 37(1): [E02], Febrero 2019.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF, COLNAL | ID: biblio-981720

ABSTRACT

Objective. To determine the content and face validity of the Spanish version of the Sexual Self-Concept Inventory (O'Sullivan et al.) for early adolescent girls. Mehods. Instrument-based study in which the translation, backtranslation and adaptation of the 34 items of the Sexual Self-Concept Inventory (SSCI) scale was performed. Five experts carried out the content and face validation; face validation included 35 girls from the municipality of Girón (Colombia). Results. The version translated into Spanish has adequate content validity because all items exceeded the minimum CVI (0.58) value considered within an overall scale of 0.92. The face validity for the 35 early adolescent girls showed that 10 items of the instrument needed to be adjusted semantically and culturally. Conclusion. The Spanish version of the scale is semantically and conceptually equivalent to the original scale and can be used in similar contexts to evaluate sexual self-concept in early adolescent girls.


Objetivo. Establecer la validez de contenido y facial de la versión en español del Inventario de Autoconcepto Sexual de O'Sullivan et al. para niñas en adolescencia temprana. Métodos. Estudio de validación de una prueba en el que se realizó la traducción, retrotraducción y adaptación de los 34 ítems de la escala Sexual SelfConcept Inventory (SSCI). Se hizo validación de contenido y facial con 5 expertos y validación facial con 35 niñas del municipio de Girón (Colombia). Resultados. La versión traducida al español tiene adecuada validez de contenido pues todos los ítems superan ICV mínimo de 0.58, siendo este valor para la escala total de 0.92. La validez facial en las 35 niñas mostró que 10 ítems del instrumento requerían ser ajustados semántica y culturalmente. Conclusión. La escala en versión español posee equivalencia semántica y conceptual con la escala original y podría ser utilizada en contextos similares para evaluar el autoconcepto sexual en niñas en adolescencia temprana.


Objetivo. Estabelecer a validez de conteúdo e facial da versão em espanhol do Inventário de Auto-conceito Sexual de O'Sullivan et al. para meninas em adolescência precoce. Métodos. Estudo de validação de um teste no qual se realizou a tradução, retro tradução e adaptação dos 34 itens da escala Sexual Self-Concept Inventory (SSCI). Se fez validação de conteúdo e facial com 5 especialistas e validação facial com 35 meninas do município de Girón (Colômbia). Resultados. A versão traduzida ao espanhol tem adequada validez de conteúdo pois todos os itens superam ICV mínimo de 0.58, sendo este valor para a escala total de 0.92. A validez facial nas 35 meninas mostrou que 10 itens do instrumento tiveram que ser ajustados semântica e cultural. Conclusão. A escala em versão espanhol possui equivalência semântica e conceitual com a escala original e poderia ser utilizada em contextos similares para avaliar o autoconceito sexual em meninas em adolescência precoce.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Self Concept , Semantics , Translations , Reproducibility of Results , Comprehension
17.
REME rev. min. enferm ; 23: e-1173, jan.2019.
Article in English, Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1005450

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: apreender o conteúdo e a estrutura das representações sociais de profissionais de saúde sobre o teste rápido para detecção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em um município baiano. Método: pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada na teoria das representações sociais, em sua abordagem estrutural, realizado em 12 unidades básicas de saúde. Participaram 37 trabalhadores de saúde de nível superior. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um roteiro que comportou questões relacionadas à caracterização profissional, acrescido da expressão indutora teste rápido. O corpus foi organizado e processado com auxílio do software Ensemble de programm espermettant lanalyse des evocations. Resultados: os possíveis elementos constituintes do núcleo central da representação desses trabalhadores, em ordem direta, foram representados pelo termo HIV e, em substituição, por medo, HIV, doenças e agilidade. Os sentidos atribuídos ao teste rápido, revelados no núcleo central, mostram discrepância ­ considerando a ordem direta e a substituição ­ entre as representações e, em certa medida, as caracterizam como representações distintas.(AU)


Objective: to understand the content and structure of social representations for health professionals about the rapid test for the detection of sexually transmitted infections in a municipality in Bahia. Method: qualitative research based on the theory of social representations, in its structural approach, carried out in 12 basic health units. 37 higher-level health workers participated. Data collection was performed through a script that included questions related to the professional characterization, plus the inductive expression rapid test. The corpus was organized and processed with the help of the software Ensemble de Programm Espermettant Lanalyse des Evocations. Results: the possible constituent elements of the central core of the representation for these workers, in direct order, were represented by the term HIV and, instead, by fear, HIV, diseases and agility. The senses attributed to the fast test, disclosed in the central core, show discrepancy ­ considering the direct order and the substitution ­ among the representations and, in a certain measure, they characterize them as distinct representations.(AU)


Objetivo: analizar el contenido y la estructura de las representaciones sociales de profesionales de salud sobre la prueba rápida para detectar infecciones de transmisión sexual en un municipio de Bahía. Método: investigación cualitativa basada en la teoría de las representaciones sociales, en su enfoque estructural, realizado en 12 unidades básicas de salud. Participaron 37 trabajadores de salud de nivel superior. La recogida de datos fue realizada por medio de un cuestionario con preguntas...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Occupational Risks , Health Personnel , Point-of-Care Testing
18.
CoDAS ; 31(2): e20180022, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-989662

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) avaliar o efeito da tutela no tipo de narrativa produzida por crianças em desenvolvimento típico, 2) compará-lo entre crianças de ensino público e privado, e 3) relacioná-lo com o vocabulário, faixa etária e desempenho escolar. Método A amostra foi constituída por 107 crianças de escolas pública e particular, de 4 a 9 anos, em desenvolvimento típico. As narrativas das crianças foram eliciadas a partir de sequências de figuras, e pontuadas de acordo com o tipo de discurso: descritivo, causal ou intencional. O desempenho narrativo foi comparado antes e após a tutela, intra e entre grupos (escola pública e particular). O tipo de narrativa foi correlacionado ao vocabulário, idade e desempenho escolar. Resultados Antes da tutela, a maioria das narrativas das crianças foi classificada como descritiva. Após a tutela, houve predominância de narrativas do tipo intencional. As crianças de escola pública e particular apresentaram desempenho semelhante quando comparado o tipo de narrativa utilizada sem e com tutela. Após a tutela, o tipo de narrativa apresentou correlação significante com o vocabulário e com o desempenho escolar das crianças. Conclusão A tutela é promotora da qualidade da narrativa produzida pelas crianças e este efeito apresentou correlação com o vocabulário.


ABSTRACT Purpose The objectives of this study were 1) To evaluate the tutoring effect on the type of the narrative produced by typically developing children, 2) To compare this effect between children from state and private schools and 3) to relate it with vocabulary, age and school performance. Methods The sample was composed by 107 children from state and private schools, aged from 4 to 9 years, within typical development. Children's narratives were prompted by sequences of pictures and scored according to the type of discourse: descriptive, causal or intentional. Children's narrative performance was compared before and after tutoring, between (state and private school) and within groups. The type of narrative was correlated with vocabulary, age and school performance. Results Before tutoring, most narratives were classified as descriptive. After tutoring, there was a predominance of intentional narratives. Children from state and private schools showed a similar response pattern with and without tutoring. After tutoring, the type of narrative showed significant correlation with vocabulary and academic performance. Conclusion Tutoring improved the quality of children's narratives and this effect correlated with the vocabulary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Vocabulary , Child Development/physiology , Narration , Academic Performance , Cross-Sectional Studies , Public Sector , Private Sector , Language
19.
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing ; : 221-229, 2019.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-786325

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify core keywords and topic groups of workplace bullying researches in the past 10 years for better understanding research trend.METHODS: The study was conducted in four steps: 1) collecting abstracts, 2) extracting and cleaning semantic morphemes, 3) building co-occurrence matrix and 4) analyzing network features and clustering topic groups.RESULTS: 437 articles between 2010 and 2019 were retrieved from 5 databases (RISS, NDSL, Google scholar, DBPIA and Kyobo Scholar). Forty-one abstracts from these articles were extracted, and network analysis was conducted using semantic network module. The most important core keywords were ‘turnover’, ‘intention’, ‘factor’, ‘program’ and ‘nursing’. Four topic groups were identified from Korean databases. Major topics were ‘turnover’ and ‘organization culture’.CONCLUSION: After reviewing previous research, it has been found that turnover intention has been emphasized. Further research focused on various intervention is needed to relieve workplace bullying in nursing field.


Subject(s)
Bullying , Data Mining , Intention , Korea , Nursing , Semantics
20.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing ; : 538-549, 2019.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-764700

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore and compare the knowledge structure of pain management nursing research, between Korea and other countries, applying a text network analysis. METHODS: 321 Korean and 6,685 international study abstracts of pain management, published from 2004 to 2017, were collected. Keywords and meaningful morphemes from the abstracts were analyzed and refined, and their co-occurrence matrix was generated. Two networks of 140 and 424 keywords, respectively, of domestic and international studies were analyzed using NetMiner 4.3 software for degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector community analysis. RESULTS: In both Korean and international studies, the most important, core-keywords were “pain,” “patient,” “pain management,” “registered nurses,” “care,” “cancer,” “need,” “analgesia,” “assessment,” and “surgery.” While some keywords like “education,” “knowledge,” and “patient-controlled analgesia” found to be important in Korean studies; “treatment,” “hospice palliative care,” and “children” were critical keywords in international studies. Three common sub-topic groups found in Korean and international studies were “pain and accompanying symptoms,” “target groups of pain management,” and “RNs' performance of pain management.” It is only in recent years (2016~17), that keywords such as “performance,” “attitude,” “depression,” and “sleep” have become more important in Korean studies than, while keywords such as “assessment,” “intervention,” “analgesia,” and “chronic pain” have become important in international studies. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that Korean pain-management researchers should expand their concerns to children and adolescents, the elderly, patients with chronic pain, patients in diverse healthcare settings, and patients' use of opioid analgesia. Moreover, researchers need to approach pain-management with a quality of life perspective rather than a mere focus on individual symptoms.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Aged , Child , Humans , Analgesia , Chronic Pain , Delivery of Health Care , Korea , Nursing Care , Nursing Research , Nursing , Pain Management , Pain Measurement , Quality of Life , Semantics
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